Bring It on All You Need to Know about Scholarship Essay Writing

There is no surefire method of writing a winning scholarship essay. If you collect a hundred of essays that managed to hit the mark and try to find a common denominator that would be responsible for it, you will find out that its absence is exactly what set them apart. Each winning essay is unique, each is written in a very distinctive style characteristic of the author. But while there is no particular approach that will guarantee the success, you may certainly follow some principles that will greatly improve your chances of finding your unique voice and, therefore, getting where you want to get. Types of Scholarship Essays There are two main types of scholarship essays; in addition to that, hybrids that combine the qualities of both are possible, as well as more experimental ones. Personal Statement A personal statement is supposed to give a picture of you as an individual. It usually deals with your family background, personal history, what kind of education you have, what influenced your intellectual and ideological development, notable experiences and the ways they changed you, special interests and abilities, plans for the future and so on. When writing this kind of essay, it is important to remember the following: Avoid repeating things that are listed in other parts of your application. These essays are usually short (sometimes as short as 150-200 words), which means that you should be very careful with what you choose to write about. Don’t spread yourself thin – choose 2-4 points to cover and be concise. Due to their size, personal statements usually are written in bulk, which makes standing out even harder than usual. Don’t just boringly enumerate your abilities, show them through an interesting example. Intent Statement Intent statement should show why you have chosen this particular course of study or why you think you deserve to receive the scholarship. It is hard to give any particular advice concerning it, as writing prompts may be quite varied. The main idea is to prove that giving you a bunch of money is a good idea and a sound investment. Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w818YUg0Wls Choosing the Topic You won’t get to choose to write about whatever you like; you will have to respond to a particular question. The questions vary greatly in the amount of freedom they give you. They may deal with any topic, but mainly they touch upon your academic plans, personal achievements, things that influenced you, your goals and so on. Here are some tips that can help you turn any question to your advantage: Analyze the prompt carefully and single out the key concepts. For example: â€Å"Tell us about yourself and why you apply for this scholarship. Make sure to tell how this scholarship will help you achieve your personal and professional goals†. This prompt clearly calls you to concentrate on your future goals and how they can be furthered by this scholarship. You have to tell about yourself, but shouldn’t spend too much space on it. Understand your audience. Every scholarship provider has certain criteria according to which they evaluate the applicants. Before you can write a successful scholarship essay, you should know what exactly they want and value most. Do they pay attention to classroom performance or leadership qualities? Or perhaps concentrate on community service? Do a bit of research: try to read between the lines of prompts, analyze the prompts used in previous years, try to find some previous recipients of this scholarship and understand what they had in common. This will certainly give you an edge over those writing identical essays for every scholarship they apply for. Write about something you know and love. Feigning enthusiasm is far harder than you may think, and if your essay sounds faked, it isn’t going to add points to your argument. Make sure you can support what you declare with specific details and examples that will show that you care about the subject. Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9mhzPWcR9yE Structure of a Scholarship Essay Structurally, a scholarship essay usually doesn’t differ from most other essay types: it consists of the introduction, the main part and the conclusion. The difference lies in what you write in any of them. Remember that each word and sentence should further your goal: introduction should make sure the judges are immediately interested in your person, the main part should present your case in the most favorable light, and the conclusion should provide a dramatic ending to your story. Introduction: Grasping the Reader’s Attention As with any other kind of writing, the main purpose of the introduction is to make sure the reader gets interested in the subject matter and reads the text up to the end. Therefore, your should begin with something that is bound to catch the reader’s attention, something that will stand out from hundreds upon hundreds of essays your judges have to read. How can it be done? That’s the problem. It is very hard to pinpoint what it means to be original. There are, however, a few tips and principles that can bring you closer to the ideal: Avoid generic openings in the line of â€Å"It is not widely known that†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"Leadership skills are extremely important for numerous reasons† like plague. Instead, be personal and specific. Go for a surprise. When you are asked a question, try to think what the others are going to write in answer to it, and how to avoid being the same as everyone else. It may be worth choosing something purposefully unconventional – if, of course, you are capable of continuing on the same note. Go for a shock. A logical development of the previous tactic is to start your essay with a statement that would make the reader wonder if his eyes are deceiving him. Say something that nobody in his right mind would say – and then subvert it with an explanation that makes it meaningful. Don’t overdo it, however – it is all too easy to say something that is offensive rather than shocking. Standing out Your style, choice of words and coverage of the topic may be perfect, but if you write the same things everyone else writes, it isn’t going to help you get the scholarship. Depending on the scholarship you apply for, there may be tens or hundreds of people competing alongside you – and the judges primarily looking for those who look interesting. So, how does one create such an impression? Select a topic and stick to it. Sometimes you are given freedom to choose what to write about, sometimes the topic is imposed on you. Either way, make sure you stick to the initially chosen topic and don’t go off tangent halfway through. This alone will make a positive impression on judges having to read hundreds of rambling essays. Don’t be afraid to boast. That is, if you have anything to boast of. Although we are normally taught to be modest and avoid speaking about our achievements directly, a scholarship essay is exactly the instance when you have to talk about them without reservations and be able to present them in the most favorable light possible. Things you may want to mention include work, sports, clubs, community work, leadership experience, volunteering and, in fact, anything you may pass as relevant. Just make sure everything your say really happened, and don’t exaggerate. Brainstorm. What makes you unique? Give the judges one reason to choose you over all the other applicants. What is special about you? What is your individual talent? What makes you different from others? You may have trouble singling anything out on your own, so feel free to discuss it with family, friends and relatives. They all see you from different viewpoints and can provide surprising insights into your personal qualities. Sometimes what you believe to be insignificant can turn out to be exactly the opposite. Don’t whine. A quite common mistake among students is to write a tearful essay trying to convince the judges that the author needs the scholarship most, enumerating their numerous hardships and problems. The judges don’t want to read your tales of woe. They want to learn about your potential for great things, about what you’ve managed to achieve despite your problems, about what you can do if you get the scholarship. Scholarships are given not to those who needs them but to those who deserves them. Be creative about your essay structure. Start with a captivating story about yourself. Write the essay in the form of a dialogue. Begin with something seemingly irrelevant and show how it refers to the topic later on. The possibilities are endless once you start seriously contemplating them. Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3yS2r3GWudc Revision It is impossible to write an essay, especially such an important essay, at the first attempt. You will have to revise it, change some fragments, remove or replace others. Here are 4 tips that can make this process more efficient. Source: https://kylienewcomb.files.wordpress.com/2014/03/how-to-structure-an-essay.jpg Read your essay aloud. A lot of otherwise unnoticeable mistakes will suddenly become obvious once you hear them. Find an editor. Ideally, you should hire a professional editor with some experience of dealing with similar tasks. However, any editor will do: it may be a friend who is well-versed in grammar, a parent, a teacher, or anybody whom you can trust. Take a break for several days and reread your essay carefully. Immediately after you’ve finished writing, you will most likely miss most mistakes because you are too used to the text. Once you’ve taken a rest from it, you will be able to see it with new eyes. If you feel that the entire essay is a bit off, don’t hesitate to rewrite it from scratch. Perceive it as a part of the process. General Tips Scatter the keywords from the prompt and their synonyms throughout your essay. It will accent your determination to address the issue in question and show that you don’t digress from your topic. Before you start writing, create a thesis of your future essay – just like when you write normal essays. Simply put, your scholarship essay should revolve around a single idea and a single goal. So, what is the main idea of what you write and what you want to achieve with it? Can you express it in a single sentence? If not, perhaps you are a little fuzzy about the details and have to straighten them up before proceeding. The main goal of any scholarship essay is to demonstrate that you understand who you are. How is your past relevant to your future, what are your passions and interests, what are you enthusiastic about, how are you going to change the world? If you are unclear about these issues, why would the judges be interested in a person without a goal? Start early. It is a good idea for any kind of writing, but in case of scholarship essay it may give you yet another opportunity to do a bit of research and avoid writing a one-size-fits-all application. Calculate the time you will need to start and begin to work at least a week earlier. Follow the directions. If you are given instructions, do what they say. If they limit your essay to 500 words, don’t go over the limit. If you are given a specific question to answer, answer it. Failing to do so may immediately make you ineligible for the scholarship. Once you’ve finished writing, reread the prompt and the essay and answer honestly: did you answer the question? Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VLuvC9MTOTM Conclusion Writing a scholarship essay is a challenging and time-consuming task. Nevertheless, doing it successfully and getting yourself a scholarship is a more achievable goal than many believe. If you approach the task systematically, dedicate a reasonable amount of time to it and be ready to work hard, you already have an edge over the vast majority of applicants, who simply try their hand at it. Follow the tips we’ve given you, do your research on the organizations offering scholarships before starting, and everything will be alright!

The Development Of Levittown, New York Essay - 1340 Words

The development of Levittown, New York thrived based on the use of exclusionary methods, the most important and notable being restrictive covenants. As of the late 1960s, out of the eighty-two thousand residents in Levittown barely any of them were African American (Jackson). One of the actors involved in the restrictive covenants in the newly developed suburb was the developers. Bill Levitt’s company only sold their houses to white buyers, even though housing segregation was unconstitutional since 1948 in the United States. David Kushner’s Levittown: Two Families, One Tycoon and the Fight for Civil Rights in America’s Legendary Suburb provides the verbiage of the lease contracts in Levittown, â€Å"the tenant agrees not to permit the premises to be sued or occupied by any person other than members of the Caucasian race† (Kushner 43). The lease verbiage indicates the developers intentions to maintain their developments all-white. Although the intentions of the developer may be simply stated as racist ideology, it is more accurate to note that their racial segregation was decided on economic terms. The developers feared that communities that housed African Americans would be less desirable to the greater population, meaning lower property values for the homes in their suburbs. The most important aspect to real estate developers is the profit. Unfortunately, during the time Levittown’s construction racial segregation was a desirable concept for the majority of white Americans,Show MoreRelatedLevittown Experiment Essay1083 Words   |  5 PagesLevittown Experiment Levittown project was taken up in the U.S. after the end of Second World War, with the aim of providing mass housing facilities to people in the wake of increasing urbanization and problems of accommodating large population in limited urban area (Friedman. 1995). 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Management Accounting and Management Decisions Free Essays

Management Accounting, Cdn. 6e (Horngren/Sundem/Stratton/Beaulieu) Chapter 1 Management Accounting and Management Decisions 1) Both internal managers and external parties use accounting information. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 2) Internal accounting reports must follow generally accepted accounting principles and account for assets at historical cost. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Accounting and Management Decisions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 3) Organizations that do not make or sell tangible goods are called service organizations. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 7 Objective: 3 4) The cost-benefit balance is the primary consideration in choosing among accounting systems and methods. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 2 Objective: 3 5) Planning refers to setting objectives, implementing plans, and evaluating objectives. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 6) A budget is a quantitative expression of a plan of action. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 2 Objective: 3 7) Management by exception involves a detailed analysis of all deviations from planned performance regardless of the amount. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 2 Objective: 3 8) Sales growth occurs in the mature market stage of product life cycle. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 9 Objective: 4 9) Line authority is authority exerted downward over subordinates. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 12 Objective: 5 10) Line departments support or service staff departments. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 12 Objective: 5 11) According to the Financial Executives Institute, the controller’s function is to obtain both short-term and long-term loans. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 14 12) The CMA program focuses on management accounting and its role in Canadian business. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 13) The factors causing changes in management accounting today include increased global competition, technological advances and increased production by Canadian companies. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 14) The essence of the just-in-time philosophy is to eliminate waste. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 5) The Society of Management Accountants of Canada (SMAC) has developed standards of ethical conduct for management accountants, which include standards of competence, confidentiality, integrity and objectivity. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 20 Objective: 9 16) A survey of managers selected which of the following business areas as the most common starting-point for future managers? A) Accounting. B) Finance. C) Legal environment of business. D) Computers in business. Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 2 Objective: 1 17) Management accounting refers to accounting information developed for A) shareholders. B) governmental authorities. C) managers within an organization. D) loan officers. Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 18) ________ is a formal mechanism for gathering, organizing, and communicating information about an organization’s activities. A) An accounting system B) Scorekeeping C) Management accounting D) Attention directing Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 19) ________ refers to accounting information developed for users within an organization. A) An accounting system B) Scorekeeping C) Management accounting D) Financial accounting Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 20) ________ is the accumulation and classification of data. A) An accounting system B) Scorekeeping C) Management accounting D) Attention directing Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 21) ________ means reporting and interpreting information that helps managers to focus on operating problems, imperfections, inefficiencies, and opportunities. A) Scorekeeping B) Attention directing C) Problem-solving D) None of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 2) ________ is the aspect of accounting that quantifies the likely results of possible courses of action and often recommends the best course to follow. A) Scorekeeping B) Attention directing C) Problem-solving D) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 23) The codes of conduct for integrity include all of the following EXCEPT A) avoiding actual or apparent conflicts of interest. B) refusing to ad vise or assist with the commission of fraud. C) recognizing and communicating professional limitations. D) communicating information subjectively. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 20 Objective: 9 24) A clerk prepares a monthly report comparing the actual phone bill with the expected phone costs. This activity would be classified as A) problem-solving. B) scorekeeping. C) planning. D) attention directing. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 25) Broad guidelines and detailed practices that together make up accepted accounting practice at a given time are referred to as A) GAAS. B) accounting conventions. C) GAAP. D) Revenue Canada regulations. Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 26) Service organizations A) sell tangible goods. B) are not wholesalers. C) are considered manufacturers. D) must be profit-seeking. Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 7 Objective: 3 27) A characteristic of service organizations is that A) labour is intensive. B) output is easy to define. C) major inputs and outputs can be stored. D) plant and equipment costs are high in proportion to labour costs. Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 7 Objective: 3 28) The watchword for the installation of systems in service industries and nonprofit organizations is A) maximize. B) simplicity. C) constraints. D) complexity. Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 7 Objective: 3 29) Which of the following is a characteristic of both profit-seeking and nonprofit service organizations? A) Labour is intensive. B) Output is usually difficult to define. C) Major inputs and outputs cannot be stored. D) All of the above are characteristics. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 7 Objective: 3 30) Financial accounting is constrained by GAAP. Management accounting is constrained by A) GAAS. B) the cost-benefit balance. C) Revenue Canada. D) the controller. Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 1) The primary consideration in choosing among accounting systems and methods is A) simplicity. B) behavioural issues. C) cost-benefit balance. D) computerization. Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 32) An accounting system should provide accurate, timely budgets and performance reports in a form useful to A) shareholders. B) bankers. C) Revenue Canada. D) managers. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Pag e Ref: 3 Objective: 2 33) ________ is (are) a quantitative expression(s) of a plan of action. A) A budget B) Performance reports C) Variances D) Management by exception Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 34) ________ provide(s) feedback by comparing results with plans and by highlighting deviations from plans. A) A budget B) Performance reports C) Variances D) Management by exception Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 35) ________ is (are) deviations from plans. A) A budget B) Performance reports C) Variances D) Management by exception Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 36) ________ concentrate(s) on areas that deviate from the plan and ignore(s) areas that are presumed to be running smoothly. A) A budget B) Performance reports C) Variances D) Management by exception Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 37) Launching a new product line is an example of A) decision making. B) planning. C) controlling. D) organization. Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 38) Answering the following questions: When is dinner? Who is cooking it? is an example of A) planning. B) controlling. C) budgeting. D) analyzing. Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 39) Cooking dinner and tasting the food are examples of A) planning. B) controlling. C) budgeting. D) analyzing. Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 40) Planning determines action, action generates feedback, and feedback influences A) reports. B) accounting systems. C) further planning. D) deviations. Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 41) A quantitative expression of a plan of action is a A) variance. B) performance report. C) control. D) budget. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 42) Actual results are compared to budgeted amounts in a A) performance report. B) financial statement. C) production report. D) flexible report. Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 43) Management by exception means management concentrates on A) significant activities proceeding as planned. B) significant deviations from expected results. C) insignificant activities proceeding as planned. D) insignificant deviations from expected results. Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 44) A synonym for deviation is A) planned. B) systematic. C) variance. D) reported. Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 45) A significant unfavourable variance A) should be ignored because of materiality. B) could not result from careless budgeting. C) is the result of proper planning. D) should be analyzed, and measures should be taken to correct the situation. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 46) The product development stage in a product’s life cycle corresponds to A) no sales. B) sales growth. C) stable sales level. D) low and decreasing sales. Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 9 Objective: 4 47) The introduction to market stage in a product’s life cycle corresponds to A) no sales. B) sales growth. C) stable sales level. D) low and decreasing sales. Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 9 Objective: 4 48) The mature market stage in a product’s life cycle corresponds to A) no sales. B) sales growth. C) stable sales level. D) low and decreasing sales. Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 9 Objective: 4 49) The phase-out-of-product stage in a product’s life cycle corresponds to A) no sales. B) sales growth. C) stable sales level. D) low sales to no sales. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 9 Objective: 4 50) The various stages through which a product passes are called the A) product life cycle. B) production plan. C) market analysis. D) product initiative. Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 9 Objective: 4 51) Product life cycles A) are the same for all products. B) must be considered to effectively plan for production. C) are computerized bicycles. D) have nothing to do with product profitability. Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 9 Objective: 4 52) Authority exerted downward over subordinates is referred to as A) line authority. B) staff authority. C) general authority. D) specific authority. Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 12 Objective: 5 53) Authority to advise but NOT command is called A) line authority. B) staff authority. C) general authority. D) specific authority. Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 12 Objective: 5 54) An example of a line department at a jewelry manufacturer is the A) accounting department. B) finance department. C) maintenance department. D) sales department. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 12 Objective: 5 55) According to the Financial Executives Institute, one function of controllership is A) investments. B) short-term financing. C) provision of capital. D) reporting and interpreting. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 14 56) The top accounting officer in an organization is often A) the controller. B) the treasurer. C) the CFO. D) the CEO. Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 14 57) ________ is mainly concerned with the company’s financial matters. A) The controller B) The treasurer C) The secretary D) None of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 14 58) ________ is the designation that provides the greatest orientation toward management accounting. A) CIA B) CMA C) CEO D) CGA Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 14 59) According to the Financial Executives Institute, one function of treasurership is A) planning for control. B) protection of assets. C) investor relations. D) economic appraisal. Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 14 Objective: 6 60) Chartered Accountants are A) internal auditors. B) management accountants. C) external auditors. D) clerical accountants. Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 61) The largest Canadian association of professional accountants whose major interest is management accounting is the A) Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants. B) Certified General Accountants of Canada. C) Government Accounting Institute. D) Society of Management Accountants of Canada. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 62) A philosophy to eliminate waste by reducing the time products spend in the production process and eliminating the time that products spend on activities that do NOT add value is A) computer-integrated manufacturing. B) just-in-time. C) better late than never. D) added value tax. Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 63) Systems that use computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing, together with robots and computer-controlled machines are called A) just-in-time systems. B) robotic-computer systems. C) computer-integrated manufacturing systems. D) manufacturing-robotic systems. Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 64) Which of the following factors is causing changes in management accounting today? A) Shift from a manufacturing-based to a service-based economy. B) Increased global competition. C) Advances in technology. D) All of the above are factors. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 65) Systems that use CAD and CAM together with robots and computer-controlled machines are called A) JIT. B) CMA. C) CIM. D) none of the above. Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 66) Below is a statement from the Code of Professional Ethics for the Society of Management Accountants. â€Å"Maintain at all times independence of thought and action. † It is an example of A) competence. B) confidentiality. C) integrity. D) objectivity. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 20 Objective: 9 67) Management accountants are similar to CAs and CGAs in that they A) give opinions on financial statements. B) are licensed by the Canadian Institute of public accountancy. C) adhere to codes of conduct. D) are independent of the company they work for. Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 68) The Society of Management Accountants has adopted a set of standards of professional ethics which includes codes of conduct regarding all of the following EXCEPT A) competence. B) independence. C) integrity. D) confidentiality. Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 20 Objective: 9 69) Which of the following individuals would likely NOT be users of management accounting reports? A) company presidents B) university deans C) bankers D) chief physicians Answer: C Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 70) Which of the following statements about management accounting is FALSE? A) It is concerned with how measurements and reports will influence managers’ daily behaviour. B) It is less sharply defined than financial accounting. C) Its primary users are organizational managers at various levels. D) It is constrained by generally accepted accounting principles. Answer: D Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 71) Which of the following statements about ethical dilemmas faced by management accountants is FALSE? Ethical dilemmas A) are clear-cut. B) involve conflict between two or more ethical standard. C) require individual integrity and judgment. D) require the application of ethical standards. Answer: A Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 20 Objective: 9 72) Which of the following statements about line authority is TRUE? Line authority A) is similar to staff authority. B) is indirectly related to the basic activities of an organization. C) is exerted upwardly from subordinates. D) includes the authority to command action. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 12 Objective: 5 3) Broad concepts or guidelines and detailed practices, including all conventions, rules, and procedures that together make up accepted accounting practice at a given time. Answer: Generally accepted accounting principles Diff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 74) The person from whom the controller derives authority to set accounting procedures. Answer: The company president Diff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 12 75) Weighing known costs against probable benefits, the primary consideration in choosing among accounting systems and methods. Answer: Cost-benefit balance Diff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 11 Objective: 7 76) A quantitative expression of a plan of action, and an aid to coordinating and implementing the plan. Answer: Budget Diff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 2 Objective: 2 77) Deviations from plans. Answer: Variances Diff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 2 Objective: 2 78) Concentrating on areas that deserve attention and ignoring areas that are presumed to be running smoothly. Answer: Management by exception Diff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 2 Objective: 2 79) Authority exerted downward over subordinates. Answer: Line authority Diff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 12 Objective: 5 80) Authority to advise but not to command. It may be exerted downward, laterally, or upward. Answer: Staff authority Diff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 12 Objective: 5 81) The largest Canadian professional organization of accountants whose major interest is management accounting. Answer: Society of Management Accountants Diff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 82) A philosophy to eliminate waste, by reducing the time products spend in the production process and eliminating the time that products spend on activities that do not add value. Answer: Just-in-time philosophy Diff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 83) Describe the major users of accounting information. Answer: In general, users of accounting information fall into three categories: (1) Internal managers who use the information for short-term planning and controlling routine operations. (2) Internal managers who use the information for making nonroutine decisions and formulating overall policies and long-range plans. (3) External parties, such as investors and government authorities, who use the information for making decisions about the company. Diff: 1 Type: ES Page Ref: 2 Objective: 1 4) Explain the cost-benefit and behavioral issues involved in designing an accounting system. Answer: The cost-benefit balance, weighing known costs against probable benefits, is the primary consideration in choosing among accounting systems. The system’s value must exceed its cost. In addition, the system’s effects on the behaviour of managers should also be considered. The system must pr ovide accurate, timely budgets and performance reports in a form useful to managers. Diff: 1 Type: ES Page Ref: 14 Objective: 7 85) Distinguish between line and staff roles in an organization, and give an example of each. Answer: Line authority is authority exerted downward over subordinates. Staff authority is authority to advise but not to command. It may be exerted downward, laterally, or upward. Line departments are directly responsible for conducting the basic mission of the organization, that is, producing and selling a product or service. Staff departments are indirectly related to these basic activities through servicing and supporting the line departments. An example of a line role would be the sales executives, whereas a staff role would include the top accounting executive. Diff: 1 Type: ES Page Ref: 12 Objective: 5 86) Contrast the functions of controllers and treasurers. Answer: The treasurer is concerned mainly with the company’s financial matters such as investor relations, provision of capital, short-term financing, credits and collections, and banking. The controller is concerned with operating matters such as reporting and interpreting, evaluating and consulting, tax administration, government reporting, and protection of assets. Diff: 1 Type: ES Page Ref: 1 87) Explain a management accountant’s ethical responsibilities. Answer: A certified management accountant must adhere to a code of conduct regarding competence, confidentiality, integrity, and objectivity developed by the Society of Management Accountants. An unethical act is one that violates the ethical standards of the profession. Management accountants have an obligation to the organizations they serve, their profession, the public, and themselves to maintain the highest standards of ethical conduct. Diff: 1 Type: ES Page Ref: 20 Objective: 9 88) Explain the role of budgets and performance reports in planning and control. Answer: Budgets and performance reports are essential tools for planning and control. Budgets result from the planning process. Managers use them to translate the organization’s goals into action. A performance report compares actual results to the budget. Managers use these reports to monitor, evaluate, and reward performance and, thus, exercise control. Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 89) Discuss the role that management accountants play in the company’s value-chain functions. Answer: Management accountants play a key role in planning and control. Throughout the company’s value chain, management accountants gather and report cost and revenue information for decision makers. Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 9 Objective: 4 90) Identify current trends in management accounting. Answer: Many factors have caused changes in accounting systems in recent years. Most significant are globalization, technology, and a shift from a manufacturing-based to a service-based economy. Without continuous adaptation and improvement, accounting systems would be obsolete. Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 How to cite Management Accounting and Management Decisions, Papers

Workplace Health and Safety for Newsletters- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theWorkplace Health and Safety for Industry Newsletters. Answer: Raising WHS issues In the current assignment, the Spudshed supermarket had been taken into consideration. It is an Australia based supermarket catering to the fresh food requirements of people ("Home - Spudshed", 2017). The assignment provides a suitable overview of the role of the workplace health and safety (WHS) officers in implementing sufficient preventive measures. One of the pivotal steps which I can take over here are highlighting and raising the WHS issues faced by my employees in the course of their work. Some of the predominant WHS issues are lifting and carrying heavy loads along with the risk of slips, trips and falls. Spudshed being a food supermarket the staffs have to carry and transport quintals of fresh fruits and vegetables (McCaughey et al., 2017). This can result in sudden muscle sprains or nerve tissue damage in the staff. Additionally, cramped conditions and wet floors can also result in fall risk of the staffs. Therefore, as a WHS officer, I need to organize meetings for the members and different stakeholders of the organization and communicate to them the exact risk factors involved. I also need to provide a dummy plan to the board members regarding the ways to reduce accidents within the place of work. Some of these may include incorporation of more trolleys with wheels for pulling and displacing the heavier loads (Arbury et al., 2017). Gathering and communicating information about health and safety issues In order to discuss with my staff about suitable WHS measures and policies, I can follow a number of sources. Some of these sources are government acts or publications, industry newsletters, ex-employees along with supervisor managers of the supermarket. As a practising WHS officer, I can implement a number of tools and techniques for finding out the relevant safety scenario of the current supermarket. In this context, I can use interview methods as relevant tools for gathering sufficient knowledge about the safety interventions provided to the employees in the spudshed supermarket. There are a number of WHS issues which are faced by the employees working in a supermarket. Thus, as a practising WHS officer, I need to implement a number of preventive and precautionary measures for the safety and sound health of the staffs. The WHS information can be communicated to the workers using a number of intervention methods and protocols. I as a WHS officer can conduct a number of employee training programs within the concerned supermarket. In my opinion providing the employees with sufficient safety education and technology-based methods can change their way of work and reduce the risk percentage. References Arbury, S., Zankowski, D., Lipscomb, J., Hodgson, M. (2017). Workplace violence training programs for health care workers: an analysis of program elements.Workplace Health Safety,65(6), 266-272. McCaughey, D., Halbesleben, J. R., Savage, G. T., Simons, T., McGhan, G. E. (2014). Safety leadership: Extending workplace safety climate best practices across health care workforces. InLeading in health care organizations: Improving safety, satisfaction and financial performance(pp. 189-217). New Jersey : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Zohar, D. (2014). Safety climate: Conceptualization, measurement, and improvement.The Oxford handbook of organizational climate and culture, 317-334. home - Spudshed. (2017). Spudshed. Retrieved 21 October 2017, from https://www.spudshed.com.au/

Polvoron Essay Example

Polvoron Paper I. Executive Summary The researchers Nikki Y Pulumbarit and Jessa P Alberto are both graduates with degrees in Hospitality Management at Mariano Quinto Alarilla Polytechnic College. The business plan entitled MILKYRON it is a variety of polvoron that has the mixture of fish and powdered milk. The product offer a healthful benefit to its clients through promoting consumption of fish specially fot the children who are not fond of eating fish. MILKYRON is very nutritious compared to the other polvoron offered int the market because it contain fish which is a good source of protein and also the milk which is rich in calcium. MILKYRON is very unique because of its flavor and its affordable price. The owners Nikki Y Pulumbarit and Jessa P Alberto are both financially capable on handling a business and the starting capital will be P 100, 000. 00. The mission of the business is to provide unique and healthful variety of polvoron and to consider foremost the satisfaction of the customer. The goals and objectives of MILKYRON is to start the business on April 25, 2013 and by gaining good customer feedback, to encourage other teenager to build their own business too even they are young. Also to expand our knowledge and capability on handling the business. We will write a custom essay sample on Polvoron specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Polvoron specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Polvoron specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer MILKYRON will be beneficial to its customer because it has the mixture of fish which is good source of protein and milk which is a good source of calcium it is nutritious yet affordable. The future product will be Fishy Yummy Yema also it has the mixture of fish. The business is registered at Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under Sole- Proprietorship. Sole Proprietorship is a type of business enetity that is owned and run by a single person. MILKYRON is manage by Nikki Y Pulumbarit as the general manager and Jessa P Alberto as the Assistant Manager. Product manager will be Nikki Y Pulumbarit responsible for over-all running of the business and responsible for securing contracts, financial/ accounting and marketing purposes. Product Assistant Manager will be Jessa P Alberto responsible for securing employees compensation and responsible for customer service. The product MILKYRON will be marketable based on the data collected through survey answered by the respondents. According to the Age between 12-20 years old want to buy our product. In terms of Gender women are more likely interested on our product, the question â€Å"will you buy MILKYRON? most of the respondents answered that they will buy our product while the other are undecided. The survey also ask them that â€Å"what will be the best drink that will complement on our product? † most of them answered that water is the best complementary drink in MILKYRON. The business will located at Mc Arthur Highway Meycauayan Bulacan because most of the respondents answered t hat the perfect spot is on Commercial Area. MILKYRON has many competitors these are some, Goldilocks Polvoron, Sasmuan Polvoron who offered a natural kind of polvoron. This proves that our product is very unique because of the fish flavor itself. The price is very affordable it costs only P 5. 00 per piece. MILKYRON will be advertised through fliers, leaflets, tarpaulins and most of the time on social media sites like facebook and twitter. Organization / Person| Description| Purpose| JV Tarpaulin printing| Printing Services| Advertising| Globe Telecom| Mobile Phone Services| Customer Service and Advertising| Savemore Supermarket| Supply Shop| Ingredient Supplier| Engr. Benjamin Moronia Jr. | Financial Advisor| Financial Inquiries andProduct Consultant| K. Dot Computer Services| Computer Service Provider| Computer services|

In Support Of Human Cloning Essays - Cloning, Human Cloning, Dolly

In Support Of Human Cloning Essays - Cloning, Human Cloning, Dolly In Support Of Human Cloning Human cloning is inevitable. As part of the progress of science, human cloning will take place regardless of who opposes it. In this paper I will explain what human cloning is, some of the ethical and moral objections to it, some medical benefits it could serve, what many different religions think of cloning humans, and ultimately why I feel that this would be beneficial to our society. In order to understand the objections and the potential of human cloning, one must know exactly it is and how it is done. In order to clone a living being (animal or human), scientists begin with an egg (ovum) of an adult female. Women generally produce only one each month but can be chemically stimulated to produce more. Researchers remove the DNA-containing nucleus from the egg. Cells from the subject to be cloned are obtained by various methods including a scraping the inside of the cheek, and the DNA-containing nucleus is removed from one of these. Next the adult-cell nucleus is inserted into the egg with a sophisticated nuclear transfer, and the egg is stimulated (electrically or chemically) to trick it into dividing just like an embryo. When the embryo reaches the appropriate stage, you implant it into the uterus of the woman who will give birth to it. After gestation, the clone is born in the normal way (Eibert, par. 2-5). The child that is born as a result of cloning would be nearly genetically identical (the egg holds some mitochondrial DNA that may potentially alter the new DNA slightly) to the subject cloned. The clone should look similar to the adult it was cloned from, but thats where the similarities would end. The clone would have a completely different set of life experiences. It would be raised by different parents, grow up in a different era and different location, and have different circumstances happen to it along the way. It wouldnt be the same person it was cloned from; it would be its own unique individual who just happened to have the same DNA. The characteristics of a person (physical as well as social) are activated by random choices on the DNA. A person has twenty-three chromosomes from his or her mother and twenty-three from the father. Whether or not a person has blue eyes is a random pick from the two sets of chromosomes. Identical twins are also quite different from each other: their fingerprints are different, sometimes one twin will be obese and one not, and sometimes one is gay and one is not. It is these random activations that we cant control, and these random activations may be different in a clone than they were in the original person.(Eibert, par. 40). So what is society so afraid of? Why is the subject of human cloning almost taboo? I think the majority of the population envisions cloning as some sort of mass-market where one can order a baby or create millions of identical people. This was the same sort of fear that in-vitro fertilization (IVF, test-tube babies) created when it was started in the 1970s, and, in theory, this couldnt be more wrong. One of the main problems that most people have with cloning of humans is they believe that in an attempt to create another person there will be many unsuccessful attempts. There is a fear that in forming embryos there will be many that are deformed, destroyed, or otherwise experimented on for scientific gain. Marc Zabludoff writes in Fear and longing that to get one successful birth, many babies would have to die in failed procedures an absolutely unacceptable practice (6) It has been widely publicized that in creating Dolly, the cloned sheep, it took 277 tries. This isnt quite true. What it took to clone Dolly was 277 eggs with a fused nucleus. Only 27 of them divided past the 2-cell stage. Only 13 of these formed embryos and were implanted into a sheep uterus; of these 13, only 1, Dolly, was born. It wasnt that any of the sheep embryos were deformed or manipulated, the adult sheep simply failed to conceive, much like an unsuccessful test-tube conception (Eibert, par. 12). So this fear of deformed or

Organisational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Organisational Behaviour - Essay Example Critical evaluation of this statement. 3. An employee’s personality has no role to play, in his or her day to day behaviour at work, since it is not something employers worry about. Critical evaluation of this statement. Thematically, this paper provides an understanding of the different theoretical perspectives that contribute to the understanding of people at work. It illustrates the application of OB theory to a variety of real life phenomena, and questions that arise from managing people at work. It also demonstrates how to work competently and skilfully with conflicting ideas that relate to the management of people in working organisations. Question #1 There is this one instance I went to a cyber cafe and the head attendant did not bother to assign me a booth to use since he assumed I knew my way around the installation. It took me a while to get started because I did not know the login since it was password protected. The other attendants had to ask him for the password so that I could get started. The experience cost me valuable time and since then I have not re-visited that premise to use their services. According to this example, the attitude of the head attendant cost the business establishment a client, and in the long run mannerisms like this would become detrimental to the business. The behaviour of the attendant could be attributed to a behavioural complex in the part of the attendant wanting to seem superior to his fellow workmates. It is not enough to say that he is senior to his workmates; it seems that this feeling does not satisfies him. However, supplication by fellow workmates does satisfy him. This situation can be explained by McGregor’s theory, which asserts that employees require micro-management assistance from their managers since they are immature about their jobs (McGregor, 2005 p27). This theory is related to directive leadership, which is characterized by motivating employees with incentives for improved work output and efficiency. A management system that adopts the theory of OB almost invariably ends up blaming its employees, for poor performance, without establishing the key cause of this problem or mistake (McGregor, 2005 p63). When employees are subjected to such compromising situations they usually tend to focus more on how to avoid the occurrence of such mistakes, which would risk their employment and relationships with their employer. McGregor further states that employees will apply self-direction and self-control to pursue organizational behaviours without influences from external control, or the threat of punishment and commitment as objectives of functional rewards, which are associated with their achievement (McGregor, 2005 p64). Employees who are under this system of management are more productive since they do not operate in an authoritarian system. Similarly, those employees in the same management system tend to perceive themselves as victims of oppression by the management, and may cause the uprising of opposition factors in the workforce. These elements usually undermine a company’s policies, including the overall productivity turnover of the organization (McGregor, 2005 p149). Question #2 The phenomenon where employees request for an off day break from work, on grounds that they are suffering from stress, is a problem that should be addressed by employers, instead of being ignored. Stress has been

Dubai International airport Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dubai International airport - Essay Example The main research questions that shall be answered during the investigation are: †¢Does the service offered by emirates airline organization meet the standard and expectations of its customers? †¢Does the organization have excellent facilities that ensure their airplanes are always in good shape to ensure the safety of their customers? †¢What are the measures that the organization has put in place to ensure customer satisfaction? The objectives of the research will be: 1)To determine the services offered by the organization and whether they meet the standards and expectation of their customers. 2)To evaluate the available facilities in the organization for servicing and repairing airplanes to ensure safety of their customers. 3)To determine the measures put in place by the organization to ensure customer satisfaction. The intended research on the operations of the Emirates airline is important in determining the experience of the customers. While utilizing their services and the role the airline organization play in ensuring that the customers’ satisfaction is achieved in carrying out this research, I as a student of business studies will also gain a lot of important knowledge on what it takes to run such a big organization that serves many people daily and the various measures that can be utilized in successfully satisfying customers derived from different backgrounds and cultures. The emirates airline is an organization in the airline industry that has its headquarters based in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. In the Middle East, this is the major airline company with over 2500 flights weekly to over 100 destinations in six continents in 74 countries (Emirate airline, 2005).

Iraq War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Iraq War - Essay Example charter. As U.S.A and its coalition governments are signatory's to the UN Charter, this move led to the 'Prohibition of Aggression' and hence is considered illegal. By performing such action, the U.S.A totally stained the credibility of the U.N. by diverting from its resolutions. One major concern of the U.S.A and its allies was that Iraq possessed 'weapons of mass destruction' (WMD). This worry was due to Iraq's refusal to allow a UN inspection on its WMD facilities in 1998, in spite of the fact that this was an obligation under the 1991 armistice. This was proved to be wrong much later when enough damage was done. According to a report carried out by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), it was categorically stated that Iraq did not possess any nuclear weapons. However, just the fact that the U.S.A were wrong in believing that Iraq did indeed possess WMDs which could be a potential threat to them shows that why preventative wars are immoral. Another justification for invading Iraq was based on its alleged links with terrorism and Al-Qaeda. This too was an assumption not based on any solid evidence. According to a CIA report it was indicated that the Iraqis had been deliberately avoiding any actions against the U.S. Also, in spite of the then U.S. Defense Secretary, Donald Rumsfeld believed that Iraq was backing international terrorism, according to the State Department's annual study report, there were no serious threats of terrorism by the government of Iraq. If this was the real cause, then countries like Iran and Syria are suspected of doing the same, but they are not the objects of U.S.A.'s invasion threats. The question here is not whether Iraq is directly linked to terrorism or not, but to find out to what extent is it linked to terrorism if at all. The belief that Iraq posed a military threat to U.S had been proved wrong much long ago when it was reported that Iraq neither possessed the launchers for their missiles nor the engine to power them (UNSCOM, 1992). There was absolutely no evidence if Iraq possessed Scud missiles and launchers after the Gulf War. With its neighboring countries like Israel having a much sophisticated defense system in place, Iraq was in no way a military threat. It is also believed that the use of force must have high prospects of success. USA's motive to invade Iraq also aimed at establishing peace in the Middle East. Bush administration on April 9, 2003 stated that there were 30,000 Iraqi casualties, though according to a national survey by The Lancet, there are about 654,965 Iraqi deaths from March 2003 to July 2006. A storm was provoked by the shocking admittance by British Prime Minister Tony Blair that the Iraq war caused by U.S.A was a 'disaster'. Though he said that this disaster was not a cause of some accident in the planning, but due to existence of a deliberate strategy to create a situation in which the minority that supports war overpowers the majority that presses for peace. He went on to say that the violence in Iraq was continually on the rise and led to a disturbed Middle East. According to the former SAS officer Peter Tinley, who played an active role in the devising and execution of the Iraq war plan for Australia publicly stated that the 'nation's involvement had been a strategic and moral blunder.' He went on to say

Flax Seed Crop: Requirements for Growth

Flax Seed Crop: Requirements for Growth Garrett Sawatzky Devin Pouteau Flax has been produced in Manitoba for many years and once held a large portion of cropped acres throughout the province. Flax is still grown in some areas of Manitoba and there are many uses for the seed and straw. Flax is a sensitive crop and must be planted at the correct depth, seeding rate, and date to get the best production from it. Flax is typically sown later in the spring into warm soil at a depth of ÂÂ ¾ to 1 1/4 inches. A high seeding rate of 40 to 45 pounds is recommended to achieve 40 plants a square foot with the emergence rate of 50-60%. This high density is required to compete with weeds. Flax may be affected from seedling blight on rare occasions, the seeds waxy coating makes it hard to treat, meaning it often isnt treated. Flax has Specific nutrient needs and will not respond to higher rates of fertilizer. Excess nitrogen will cause prolonged maturation and lodging issues. Farmers should have a soil test done but a general fertilizer analysis following a grain crop is 40-60 lbs of nitrogen, 30 to 40 lbs of phosphorous, 30 to 60 lbs of potassium on sandy soils, and 15 lbs of sulfur. Chlorosis may be an issue due to a deficiency in zinc, ensure the soil has adequate zinc to avoid it. Flax is not a competitive crop meaning crop protection is important. Weed competition is the largest issue and can be controlled using high plant density and chemical herbicides. Herbicides that work well for flax are Curtail M which kills broadleaves such as thistles and volunteer canola. Centurian is also tank mixed which kills grasses such as wild oats. Typically, spraying herbicides twice is required as late weeds can still compete with established flax. Disease is not a huge issue in flax but rust, fusarium wilt, and powdery mildew are sometimes an issue. Some fungicides that help are Folicur, Headline, or Quadris which are sprayed at early flower. Flax reaches maturity in 90 to 125 days depending on the variety, once ripe the plant forms bolls that contain shiny flax seeds inside. The plant is mature when the bolls are brown, the seeds rattle inside when shook and the top opens slightly. Desiccation is often used to dry down the plant and the seeds to 10% moisture which is required for storage. Once dry, flax can be straight cut or swathed and rolled then harvested shortly after. Flax plants are very light and can easily be blown if swathed and left in the wind. The straw fibres are dropped and baled for the fibre if weed content is low or burned if it cannot be used. Typical yields for flax in Manitoba is 32 bu/ac on average, 45 on the high end and 17 on the low end. Flax seed is used for oil, nutritional supplement, and used in many wood finishes. The straw fibre is used for insulation, paper, linen, and livestock bedding. Although there are many uses for both the seed and plant the market is beginning to drop. Many of these products are now made with synthetic products rather than with flax seed or straw. Flax prices are currently at $12.25 a bushel and has been around that price for the past two months. Historical prices have been variable, being as high as $18.00 per bushel and as low as $10.00. The price is variable but typically averages between $12.50 and $13.00 a bushel yearly. Both globally and nationally supply will be similar or lower in the coming year as some people are removing flax from their rotation and adding more profitable crops such as soybeans. Demand will be similar as consumers continue to use flax for every day uses. Products manufactured from flax straw will be lower as less straws produced, and synthetic products replace it. Overall Flax can be a profitable crop, but may be challenging as it is not a competitive plant. Flax needs protection in all areas from planting, spraying and even during harvest. Market prices have been high, meaning with average yields flax Is very profitable. Its believe that consumers wont stop using flax as a healthy alternative in their diets, meaning the market will be here for the foreseeable future. Works Cited Manitoba Flax Growers Association, mfga.ca. Accessed 1 Feb. 2017. Flax Production and Management. Government of Manitoba, https://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/crops/production/flax-and-solin/index.html. Accessed 1 Feb. 2017. Flax Council of Canada, flaxcouncil.ca. Accessed 1 Feb. 2017.

The Iran-Contra Affair :: American America History

The Iran-Contra Affair The tangled U.S. foreign-policy scandal known as the Iran-contra affair came to light in November 1986 when President Ronald Reagan said yes to reports that the United States had secretly sold arms to Iran. He said that the goal was to improve relations with Iran, not to get releases of U.S. hostages held in the Middle East by terrorists (although he later agreed that the arrangement had in fact turned into an arms-for-hostages swap). People spoke out against dealings with the hostile Iranian government all over the place. Later in November, Att. Gen. Edwin Meese discovered that some of the arms profits had been used to aid the Nicaraguan "contra" rebels at a time when Congress had prohibited such aid. An Independent special prosecutor, former federal judge Lawrence E. Walsh, was appointed to investigate the activities of persons involved in the arms sale or contra aid or both, including marine Lt. Col. Oliver North of the National Security Council (NSC) staff. Reagan appointed a review board headed by former Republican senator John Tower. The Tower commission's report in February 1987 criticized the president's passive management style. In a nationaly televised address on March 4, Reagan accepted the reports judgement without serious disagreement. Select committees of the Senate (11 members chaired by Democrat Daniel K. Inouye of Hawaii) and the house of representatives (15 members, headed by another Democrat, Lee Hamilton of Indiana) conducted televised hearings in partnership from May to August. They heard evidence that a few members of the NSC staff set Iran and Nicaragua policies and carried them out with secret private operatives and that the contras received only a small part of the money. Former national security advisor John Poindexter stated that he personally authorized the diversion of money and withheld that information from the president. William J. Casey, the director of the Central Intelligence Agency, who died in May 1989, was implicated in some testimony. His testomony still remained in doubt. Clearly however, the strange events shook the nation's faith in President Reagan and ruined U. S. prestige abroad. Special prosecutor Walsh continued his investigation. On March 11, 1988 Poindexter's forerunner as national security advisor Robert McFarlane pleaded guilty to criminal charges of witholding information from Congress on secret aid to the contras. A year later, Peter McFariane was fined $20,000 and given two years probation. On March 16, 1988, a federal grand jury indicted North, Poindexter, and two other persons on a number of